Part 3 - Exercise 2 Answers and Lesson #3
Play the audio and follow along.
Use the 'play time' buttons within the text to navigate the audio.
Start here:
Exercise 2 - Answers
Translate into English
Click the Pali to reveal/hide the answers in English or use the buttons:
Translate into Pali
Click the English to reveal/hide the answers in Pali or use the buttons:
yena mahāmatto tena upasaṃkamanti
(mahāmattaṃ upasaṃkamanti)
(devo amanusso tathāgataṃ upasaṃkamati)
Lesson 3
Declension of bhagavant, brahman, and rājan
(See pdf version of the “Pali Noun Declension table”)
A few masculine nouns in stems other than a are of common occurrence. The usual title for the Buddha in Pali texts has the stem form bhagavant, meaning "the fortunate", "the bountiful", "the Master" (translations vary: "the blessed one", "the exalted one", etc.). The inflections in the nominative and accusative are as follows:
singular | plural |
|
|---|---|---|
| nominative | bhagavā | bhagavanto1 |
| accusative | bhagavantaṃ |
1N.B. except in the masculine declension in a and in the present participle the accusative plural is always the same as the nominative.
The noun brahman, meaning "God" (the supreme being and creator in the Brahmanical religion of the hereditary priesthood of India), is inflected in the nominative and accusative singular as follows:
singular | plural |
|
|---|---|---|
| nominative | brahmā | brahmāno |
| accusative | brahmānaṃ |
The noun rājan,"king", is similarly inflected in these cases.
More Verbs
stem | verb | meaning |
|---|---|---|
| kath | katheti | he relates, he tells |
| kam | kāmeti | he loves |
| chaḍḍ | chaḍḍeti | he throws away, he abandons |
| ñap (with prefix (p)pa) | paññāpeti | he prepares, he declares |
| dhar | dhāreti | he holds, he wears, he has, he accepts (with two patients /accusatives: x as y), he remembers |
| mant | manteti | he takes counsel, he discusses (confidentially) |
| mant (with prefix ā) | āmanteti | he addresses |
| vañc | vañceti | he deceives |
| vad (to speak) (with prefix abhi), meaning "towards", "about") | abhivādeti | he salutes, he greets, he takes leave |
| vās (to dress) (with prefix ni) | nivāseti | he dresses |
| vid (to feel) (with prefix (p)paṭi), meaning "towards", "back", and saṃ) | paṭisaṃvedeti | he feels, he experiences (something to be something) |
| veṭh (to twist, to wrap) (with the prefix ni(r), meaning "out") | nibbeṭheti | he untwists, he unravels, he explains, he rebuts |
Vocabulary
Masculine nouns in a:
noun | meaning |
|---|---|
| kālo | time, opportunity, proper time (appropriate time) |
| paccayo | condition, cause |
| bhāro | burden, load |
| lābho | gain |
| vipāko | result |
| vihāro | life, way of life, dwelling (also used figuratively of a mental state, e.g., of happiness) |
| hattho | hand |
bhagavā dhammaṃ deseti
rājānaṃ vañcesi
upāsakaṃ brāhmānaṃ dhāreti
rājā purise āmanteti
brāhmaṇo brahmānaṃ passati
rājā khattiyo mahāmattaṃ pucchati
brāhmaṇā rājānaṃ vadanti
puriso bhāraṃ chaḍḍeti
evaṃ kathenti
kālaṃ paccayaṃ paññāpenti
Translate into Pali
The lay disciples salute the fortunate one
He binds the hands
I experience the result
The king addresses the priest
The priest who is minister speaks thus to the fortunate one
Existence (is) the condition
He remembers the meaning
The fortunate one dresses
The gods discuss the matter
The fortunate one asks the king
He enters the dwelling
You rebut the argument
The king takes counsel
He renounces gain